The question has often been asked...is learning more dependent on "nature" or "nurture"? Research indicates that it really depends on a complex combination of genes and environment. In early childhood programs we can use this information in designing appropriate environments for learning.
Some of the environmental implications that influence brain function are listed below:
- Children need restful sleep at night and daily naps. The brain uses this time to do its housekeeping and reorganize itself. As adults we can understand that a "power nap" can benefit us as well.
- Children also need diets rich in protein (meats, nuts and cheese), fatty 3 acids, and selenium and boron (leafy green vegetables). "Fast food" and "junk food" do not fall into these categories. Healthy diets require a balance.
- Children should drink water frequently during the day...thirsty brains can't think. Try to eliminate excessive juice drinking when you can and leave out sodas altogether.
- Children learn better in an environment where they feel safe. When you seek a childcare or school for your child their sense of safety should be very important.
- Appropriate toys should be provided that encourage the skills for each year of their lives. For example...during the first few years of life children are focused on cause and effect relationships and should be offered toys that reinforce this concept. Video and computer games do not support these skills and should be kept to a minimum.
- Pay attention to colors. Bright colors make us more alert, darker colors calm us. There is an appropriate use for all colors, but think about how you are using them and the effect they may have on the brain.
- Change is good...rotate toys, rearrange the room, etc. Just don't make too many changes at once. Change is good...it causes children to adapt to whatever situation they are in, but too much change at school or at home can cause great anxiety.
- Children need space because motor development is at its peak in the preschool years. Along with that space there is a need for quiet activities as well as active learning.
- Include plants in the environment...plants increase oxygen and the brain needs oxygen to stay alert. Just be careful about the toxicity of any plants that are within the reach of your children.
- Provide stimulation...but not too much that will cause children to lose focus. Busy rooms and spaces can overwhelm some children so be careful when you decorate or furnish a space.